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今さら聞けない「ビジネスフレームワークとは？」を分かりやすく解説

ビジネスにおいて「フレームワーク」という言葉を聞いたことがない方は少ないでしょう。

しかし、具体的にフレームワークとはどんなものなのかを知っている人は少なく、またフレームワークしっかりと理解した上でビジネスにおいて活用ができている人は少ないでしょう。

たくさんあるフレームワークをビジネスにどのように役立てられるのか知りたいと思うビジネスマンは間違いなく多いです。

しかし、フレームワークと一言でいってもさまざまなものがあり、その用途や使い方についても大きく異なるものばかりです。

そこで今回は、フレームワークそのものについて、基本に立ち返り分かりやすく解説していきながら、ビジネスに活用する際のメリット・デメリット（注意点）をしっかりとご紹介していきます。

 

ズバリ、フレームワークとは

ビジネスにおけるフレームワークとはズバリ、ビジネスの方程式を指し、共通してさまざまなケースに利用できる法則といえます。

共通して用いることができる考え方や意思決定の方法、成果や活動に対する分析、課題に対する解決方法また戦略の立案などの枠組みのことを指します。

例えば商品の機能に着目し、コスト・価値の問題を解決するフレームワークであるファンクショナル・アプローチはわかりやすいですね。

ライバル企業の存在や、競合商品との価格競争など、事業を進めていく際に、避けて通れない課題がありますが、これらの問題を解決する上で、商品やサービスのファンクション（機能、効用、意図、役割)に着目する発想法であり、その方程式はV（価値）＝F (機能)÷C(コスト)となっています。

ここまで顕著に方程式としたフレームワークもあまり多くはありませんが、どれもビジネスを進めるにあたって間違った方向に進むことなく、また漏れなく対策を検討したり、事業を進めるために活用できます。

 

フレームワークを活用するメリットとは

フレームワークのメリットは、ビジネスを最適に進めるために思考を短縮化して最短ルートを導く有効な思考ができる点です。

先人たちがさまざまな知識や経験また失敗からの改善を繰り返しながら最適化したビジネスのフレームワークは、時に初めてのことに挑戦する際や迷いのある際にはとても役立ちます。

またフレームワークは正しいものであるという前提があるため、ビジネスにおけるチームでの活動において、その方針や進め方について反発なくスムーズにすすめられるキーになることも多いです。

チームのメンバーが多い場合には、意思決定の場面や組織としての方針の根拠として活用することで、マネジメントに有益となります。

逆にチームを抱えながらフレームワークを活用せず、感覚にしたがって事業を進めるようでは、メンバーの心も離れていき、ビジネスの成功に影を落とすこともあります。

メンバーが少ないケースでは、より省エネでビジネスを円滑化させることがポイントとなりますので、常にボトルネックになる課題を整理し改善を重ねるフレームワークが特に役立つことでしょう。

 

フレームワークに潜むデメリットと失敗させないポイントとは

フレームワークはとても万能なビジネスの枠であることはここまでで明白ですが、それによって導かれる結果は時にありきたりなものとなりがちであるという点も忘れてはいけません。

市場争いの厳しいビジネスにおいては、時に驚くような画期的なアイディアが重要になります。

つまりビジネスでは、「形式的でありながら着実にすすめて行かなければならない基幹となるもの」と「他社の追随を許さないような、消費者の注目を集める画期的なアプローチ」の両方が重要になるということですね。

前者において、フレームワークは非常に有効であり、より最適な事業活動を進めるに当たっては欠かせないものと言えるでしょう。

しかし、後者については時にフレームワークに従い過ぎるがゆえ、常識を覆すビジネスの最適化には発想が到達しづらくなることでしょう。

そこで重要なのは、完全にフレームワークを100％の正と認識しすぎないことでしょう。

人々は時代の変化に伴って進歩しており、トレンドも大きく変化しています。

昔からの経験は時に教訓となる一方で、可能性を潰してしまうことになりかねず、また古いトレンドに沿っていると成長を続ける競合に遅れをとり優位性を維持することが困難となります。

しかしそこで役立つのもまた時にフレームワークであったりもします。

フレームワークの中には、新しいアイディアを生み出すために利用できるものもありますので、ぜひそうしたものも活用しながら、多くのフレームワークを知り、最適な場面でビジネスに役立てていくと良いでしょう。

＜参考リンク＞
・PDCAサイクルはもう古い？これからは「DCAPサイクル」～前編～

・効率的なマーケティング活動を実現するおすすめクラウドツール

・成果を測る方程式！KGI/KPIを定めた戦略的ビジネス設計

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